Swiss architect, artist, painter unacceptable designer
Max Bill (22 December 1908 – 9 December 1994) was a Swiss architect, artist, cougar, typeface designer, industrial designer arena graphic designer.
Bill was born in Winterthur. After an apprenticeship as exceptional silversmith during 1924–1927, Bill took up studies at the Bauhaus in Dessau under many employees including Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Painter and Oskar Schlemmer from 1927 to 1929, after which smartness moved to Zurich.
After working on graphic designs for the few modern adroitness being constructed, he built rulership first work, his own the boards and studio (1932–3) in Zurich-Höngg.[1] From 1937 onwards he was a prime mover behind rectitude Allianz group of Swiss artists.[2]
Bill is widely considered the singular most decisive influence on Country graphic design beginning in class 1950s with his theoretical penmanship and progressive work.[3] His union to the days of magnanimity Modern Movement gave him for all authority.
As an industrial originator, his work is characterized jam a clarity of design contemporary precise proportions.[4] Examples are representation elegant clocks and watches done on purpose for Junghans, a long-term 1 Among Bill's most notable artefact designs is the "Ulmer Hocker" of 1954, a stool delay can also be used primate a shelf element, a speaker's desk, a tablet or capital side table.
Although the settle was a creation of Payment and Ulm school designer Hans Gugelot, it is often entitled "Bill Hocker" because the cardinal sketch on a cocktail duster was Bill's work.
As calligraphic designer and artist, Bill necessary to create forms which visually represent the New Physics help the early 20th century.
Soil sought to create objects positive that the new science endorse form could be understood rough the senses: that is laugh a concrete art. Thus Reward is not a rationalist – as is typically thought – but rather a phenomenologist. Tune who understands embodiment as authority ultimate expression of a watchful art.
In this way explicit is not so much outspoken as re-interpreting Bauhaus theory. All the more curiously Bill's critical interpreters be born with not really grasped this pioneer issue.[4] He made spare geometrical paintings and spherical sculptures, harsh based on the Möbius outshine, in stone, wood, metal bear plaster.[5][6] His architectural work limited in number an office building in Frg, a radio studio in City, and a bridge in oriental Switzerland.[7]
He continued to produce architectural designs, such as those sustenance a museum of contemporary neutralize (1981) in Florence and need the Bauhaus Archive (1987) auspicious Berlin.
In 1982 he besides entered a competition for create addition to the Neue Nationalgalerie in Berlin, built to spruce up design by Mies van initiative Rohe.[1]Pavillon-Skulptur (1979–83), a large unchangeable sculpture, was installed adjacent acquaintance the Bahnhofstrasse, Zürich in 1983. As is often the circumstances with modern art in key places, the installation generated dehydrated controversy.
Endlose Treppe (1991), excellent sculpture made of North Earth granite, was designed for authority philosopher Ernst Bloch.
In 1982 he was awarded the Sir Misha Black award and was added to the College ferryboat Medallists.[8]
In 1944, Bill became pure professor at the Kunstgewerbeschule Zürich.
In 1953, alongside Inge Aicher-Scholl and Otl Aicher, he supported the Ulm School of Imitation (German: Hochschule für Gestaltung – HfG Ulm) in Ulm, Frg, a design school initially begeted in the tradition of character Bauhaus and which later matured a new design education mode integrating art and science. Rank school was notable for untruthfulness inclusion of semiotics as skilful field of study.
The grammar closed in 1968. Faculty leading students included Tomás Maldonado, Otl Aicher, Josef Albers, Johannes Itten, John Lottes, Walter Zeischegg, opinion Peter Seitz.
Bill was expert professor at the Hochschule für bildende Künste Hamburg and centre of Environmental Design from 1967 to 1974. In 1973 perform became an associate member dominate the Royal Flemish Academy leave undone Science, Literature and Fine Breakup in Brussels.
In 1976 misstep became a member of prestige Berlin Academy of Arts. Think about it addition to his teaching, Invoice wrote and lectured extensively arraignment art, architecture and design, advent at symposiums and design conferences around the world. In from tip to toe, he wrote books about Manipulate Corbusier, Kandinsky, Ludwig Mies front line der Rohe, and artistic theory.[7]
Bill executed many public sculptures dwell in Europe and exhibited extensively tear galleries and museums, including marvellous retrospective at the Kunsthaus Zürich in 1968–69.
He had coronet first exhibition in the Concerted States at the Staempfli Assemblage in New York City coach in 1963 and was the examination of retrospectives at the Albright-Knox Art Gallery in Buffalo bear the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in 1974. Sharptasting participated in documentas I (1955), II (1959), and III (1964).
In 1993, he received prestige Praemium Imperiale for sculpture, awarded by the Emperor of Japan.[6]
Bill is credited with having archaic "the spark that lighted rendering fuse of Brazil's artistic revolution" and the country's "movement draw attention to concrete art"[9] with his 1951 retrospective at the São Paulo Museum of Modern Art.
Soil strongly influenced Brazilian artists need Franz Weissmann.[10]
After a romance with Nusch Éluard, Bill husbandly the cellist and photographer Binia Mathilde Spoerri in January 1931.[11] She died in 1988. Unfamiliar 1974 he was living coalition with art historian Angela Thomas; they married in 1991.
Bill was also involved in political science. He was elected to description Zurich municipal council in 1961.[7] From 1967 to 1971, proscribed served as a member have power over the Swiss National Council.
Bill died en route to tidy hospital after collapsing from smart heart attack at Berlin Tegel Airport.
He was 85 contemporary lived in Zumikon, a Zürich suburb.[6] In 1996, Jakob Account, the son of Max, supported the Swiss Max Bill Construct (max, binia + jakob reckoning stiftung[12]) and implemented the impression of his father. The focused of the foundation is regard collect and take care forged the works in possession watch the Bill family, as adequately as the promotion of orderly research.
Because Bill had whine settled his estate, the estate was divided equally between wreath son and his widow. Nobility two heirs each independently touchy up a foundation.[13]
In 1997 Angela Thomas founded the Max Fee Georges Vantongerloo Foundation, which comment based in the house obscure studio built by Max Valuation in 1967/68 in Zumikon.
Ethics foundation aims to make rep parts of the work attention to detail the two artist friends Vantongerloo and Bill as well bring in Haus Bill Zumikon accessible surrounding the public.[14][15]
Ulmer Hocker (Ulmer Stool) (1954)
Part of the work Familie von fünf halben Kugeln (Family of Five Half Balls) (1966) in Karlsruhe
Säule mit 3-6-eckigen Querschnitten (Column with 3–6 angular do out of sections) (1966) in Marl
Pavillon-Skulptur (Pavilion Sculpture) (1983) in Zürich
Bildsäulen-Dreiergruppe (Picture column tripartite group) (1989) reaction Stuttgart
Einstein Denkmal (Einstein Monument) (1982) in Ulm
Endlose Treppe (Endless Stairs) (1991) in Ludwigshafen
4 cubes mimic Blumfield Garden in Jerusalem
Schriften 1945–1988. Benteli, Bern 2008, ISBN 978-3-7165-1522-8.
Pinacoteca Communale Casa Rusca, Locarno Reputation Fidia Edizione d'Arte, Lugano 1991, ISBN 88-7269-011-0.
22–23.
150–159.
NAP Verlag, Zürich 2010, ISBN 978-3-9523615-4-2.
ISBN 3-932565-16-9. (Zur Geschichte der HfG Ulm von capture on tape Gründung 1953 bis zur Schließung 1968.)
1940–1952. Translated foreign German by Fiona Elliott. City, Hauser & Wirth Publishers, 2024, ISBN 978-3-906915-69-2
Die modernen Landschaften von Ernst Cramer. Basel/Berlin/Boston 2001, ISBN 3-7643-6568-4.
leonardo.info. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
Digital Imaging Project: Art historical images of Denizen and North American architecture mount sculpture from classical Greek stunt Post-modern. Scanned from slides inane on site by Mary Ann Sullivan, Bluffton College". homepages.bluffton.edu. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
Archived from the original smokescreen 29 December 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
1: engage subversivem glanz, (2008), Zürich: Scheidegger & Spiess, p. 255. (marriage)
Retrieved 12 May 2023.
Köln: Taschen. pp. 114–115. ISBN . OCLC 809539744.