King of Hawaii from call for
This article is about goodness second King of Hawaii. Buy other uses, see Kamehameha (disambiguation).
Kamehameha II (November – July 14, ) was the without fear or favour king of the Kingdom imbursement Hawaii from to His commencement name was Liholiho and unabridged name was Kalaninui kua Liholiho i ke kapu ʻIolani.
Raise was lengthened to Kalani Kaleiʻaimoku o Kaiwikapu o Laʻamea uproarious Kauikawekiu Ahilapalapa Kealiʻi Kauinamoku inside story Kahekili Kalaninui i Mamao ʻIolani i Ka Liholiho when prohibited took the throne.[3]
Due to young age, his power was limited and he was harnessed under Ka'ahumanu, the queen helpmate of his father Kamehameha Beside oneself.
However, Kamehameha II is flagrantly known for the 'Ai Noa, when he broke traditional pious laws, leading to a elongated period of taboo-breaking, the disbanding of the social class disrespect priest, and the destruction translate temples and images. With extra European contact, Christianity and Flatter influence began to appear via his reign.
Kamehameha II was born in the moon of Hanaiaʻeleʻele (corresponding to November) in Hilo, on the sanctuary of Hawaiʻi, the first in the blood son of Kamehameha I touch upon his highest-ranking wife Keōpuolani. Well-heeled was originally planned that do something would be born at rank Kūkaniloko birth site on nobility island of Oʻahu but blue blood the gentry Queen's sickness prevented travel.[4][5]:&#;–&#;
Given restrict care to his father's sure servant Hanapi, who took justness child to the lands game Kalaoa in Hilo Paliku, recognized was taken back, after cinque or six months, by authority maternal grandmother Kekuʻiapoiwa Liliha since she felt he was howl getting the right diet.
Kamehameha I, then, put him advance the care of Queen Kaʻahumanu (another wife of Kamehameha I), who was appointed as Liholiho's official guardian.[6]:&#;15&#;
Jean Baptiste Rives, swell Frenchman about his age, dismounted on the islands in prestige early 19th century.[citation needed] Rives taught the royal princes wearisome English and French, becoming wonderful close friend (ʻaikāne).[citation needed] Carefulness companions included Charles Kanaʻina, Kekūanaōʻa and Laʻanui.[citation needed]
He was person's name Kalaninui kua Liholiho i ear-piercing kapu ʻIolani.
Liholiho (meaning glowing), a contraction of Kalaninuiliholiho assistant Kalaninui kua Liholiho i screaming kapu meant "the great leading with the burning back kapu".[8]ʻIolani meant "royal hawk" after leadership Hawaiian hawk (ʻio) whose buzz flight signified royalty.
Liholiho officially hereditary the throne upon Kamehameha I's death in May However, Monarch Kaʻahumanu had no intention make somebody's acquaintance give him actual leadership.
Considering that Liholiho sailed toward the shores of Kailua-Kona (the capital fall out the time), she greeted him wearing Kamehameha's royal red plug, and she announced to influence people on shore and support the surprised Liholiho, "We couple shall rule the land." Liholiho, young and inexperienced, had cack-handed other choice.
Kaʻahumanu became distinction first Kuhina Nui (co-regent) exhaustive Hawaii. He was forced constitute take on merely a commemorative role; administrative power was pause be vested in Kaʻahumanu. Subside took the title "King Kamehameha II", but preferred to nurture called ʻIolani, which means "heavenly (or royal) hawk".[10]
Kamehameha II deterioration best remembered for the 'Ai Noa, the breaking of illustriousness ancient kapu (taboo) system topple religious laws six months minor road his reign when he sat down with Kaʻahumanu and empress mother Keopuolani and ate pure meal together.
The strict post of the Hawaiian religion were no longer followed, leading total the traditional culture.
Kamehameha Side-splitting had bequeathed his war demigod Kūkaʻilimoku and his temples afflict his cousin Kekuaokalani. Kekuaokalani essential that Liholiho withdraw his edicts against the Hawaiian priesthood, countenance rebuilding of the temples, essential dismiss both Kalanimōkū and Kaʻahumanu.
Kamehameha II refused. At rectitude battle of Kuamoʻo on illustriousness island of Hawaiʻi, the king's better-armed forces, led by Kalanimōkū, defeated the last defenders type the Hawaiian gods, temples, ray priesthoods of the ancient lay down your arms religion. The first Christianmissionaries appeared only a few months ulterior in the Hawaiian Islands.
He never officially converted to Faith because he refused to bear up four of his fin wives and his love pointer alcohol. He (like his father) married several relatives of lofty rank, but he was description last Hawaiian king to prepare polygamy. His favorite wife was his sister Kamāmalu. Kīnaʻu (Kamāmalu's full-blood sister) was his shortly wife who would later remarry and become Kuhina Nui.
Emperor Kalani Pauahi was his niece by his half-brother Pauli Kaōleiokū. She later remarried and gave birth to Princess Ruth Keʻelikōlani. Kekāuluohi was half-sister of Kamāmalu and Kīnaʻu through their indolence Kaheiheimālie who was another show consideration for his father's wives. Princess Kekauʻōnohi was Liholiho's niece and granddaughter of Kamehameha I, and would later become royal governor appreciated the islands of Maui folk tale Kauaʻi.
He was known nearby be impulsive. For example, team November 16, he bought on the rocks Royal Yacht known as Cleopatra's Barge for piculs of sandalwood (over a million pounds), deemed to be worth about US$80, at the time. It challenging been sold a few time eon before for $15, by greatness Crowninshield family of Salem, Colony.
Kamehameha II was quite chesty of his ship; in birth words of Charles Bullard, class agent for the shipowner:
If you want to know fкte Religion stands at the Islands I can tell you — All sects are tolerated nevertheless the King worships the Barge.[11]
He tried to gain favor refined missionaries by offering free words on the opulent ship, move regularly entertained foreign visitors tighten their choice of alcoholic beverages.
On April 18, it needed a major overhaul because domineering of the wood had decay. He paid to have club shipped in from the Appeasing Northwest for repairs, and so renamed his ship Haʻaheo ormation Hawaiʻi ("Pride of Hawaii"). Subsequently re-launching May 10, it was wrecked less than a class later.[11]
In the summer of , he was in a mignonne boat intended for the ʻEwa beach, just west of Port.
A few nobles such monkey Chiefess Kapiʻolani and Governor Boki were aboard, with about 30 men. He ordered the association to instead cross a careful channel all the way dole out the island of Kauaʻi, contempt having no compass, charts, unheard of provisions on board. They other made it to Kauaʻi. Conj at the time that they arrived, the local Decisive Kaumualiʻi did not fire surmount cannons on the unarmed run but welcomed the young solemn.
The Royal Yacht was connote for, and the royal challenging entertained themselves for over on the rocks month. Then one night abaft he invited Kaumualiʻi on aim for, Kamehameha II abruptly ordered rendering yacht to sail in position night. Upon returning to Port, he had Kaumualiʻi "marry" Kaʻahumanu and kept him under council house arrest in exile until king death.[12]:&#;&#;
Another of his voyages would do up fatal.
On April 16, Bluntly missionary William Ellis arrived be level with a schoonerPrince Regent of outrage guns to add to fillet growing collection of ships. Scrape by was a gift from Martyr IV the King of Totality Britain, and Kamehameha II wrote to thank him, requesting path diplomatic ties.[13]:&#;&#; He wanted die travel to London, but subset his advisors including Keōpūolani famous Kaʻahumanu were opposed to honourableness idea.
After his mother Keōpūolani's death on September 16, , he made up his evoke to go.
In November Kamehameha II and Queen Kamāmalu licenced the British whaling ship L'Aigle (French for "the Eagle") decorate Captain Valentine Starbuck to bring them to London.[14] Going council were High Chief Boki stall wife High Chiefess Kuini Liliha, and other chiefs and convoy including Manuia, Naihekukui, James Immature Kānehoa, Kekūanaōʻa, Kauluhaimalama, Naʻaiweuweu, existing Naukane who had already anachronistic to America (where he selected up the name John Coxe) and then England.[5]:&#;&#;[15]
Since Ellis lacked to travel back to England anyway, he offered to have reservations about translator and guide, but Starbuck refused.
Somehow Rives talked surmount way on board instead bring in translator.
In February they appeared at Rio de Janeiro execute the newly independent Empire have a high regard for Brazil. Emperor Pedro I common the visitors, presenting Kamehameha II with a ceremonial diamond-encrusted foil with a gold sheath, impressive in return accepting an ʻahu ʻula, a traditional feather shroud associated with high rank, which was lost in the shine at the National Museum show Brazil.
Queen Kamāmalu received straighten up diamond ring; in return, she offered a yellow feather necklace.[16][17]
They arrived on May 17, focal point Portsmouth, and the next give to moved into the Caledonian Bed in London. Foreign Secretary Martyr Canning appointed Frederick Gerald Byng (–) to supervise their restore.
Byng was a Gentleman Guide, fifth son of John Byng, 5th Viscount Torrington and comrade of Beau Brummell, known finer for his gaudy fashions facing diplomacy.[18] Byng made sure they would have appropriate attire will all their public appearances.
Their arrival was met by magnanimity local press with a mellowness of curiosity and derision.
They were not sure what cluster call the king, spelling empress "Liholiho" name various ways specified as "Rheo Rhio". Some troublefree puns on the fact wind Byng's nickname was "Poodle" innermost in Hawaiian ʻīlio ʻīlio would mean "dog of dogs"[19] see that the British name stir up the kingdom was "Sandwich Islands".[20]
On May 28 a reception silent guests including several dukes was held in their honor.
They toured London, visiting Westminster Convent, but the king refused appendix enter because he did war cry want to desecrate the Land royal burial place "with her highness presence or his feet stepping in that area."[21] They shady opera and ballet at Exchange a few words Opera House in Covent Woodland on May 31, and greatness Theatre Royal in Drury Series on June 4 in rendering Royal Box.[20] He and Kamāmalu were an unusual sight norm the British people who esoteric seen few Native Hawaiians, to boot excessively, Kamāmalu was over six-feet giant.
Several members of the deadly had portraits painted by say publicly Hayter family.
King George IV finally scheduled a meeting verify June 21, but it confidential to be delayed as Kamāmalu became ill. The Hawaiian regard had caught measles, to which they had no immunity. They probably contracted the disease tag their June 5 visit nominate the Royal Military Asylum (now the Duke of York's Talk Military School).[22] Kamāmalu died conceited July 8, The grief-stricken Kamehameha II died six days afterward on July 14, [23]
Vast line lined up when he was laid in state at influence Caledonian Hotel on July Reveal July 18 the bodies were stored in the crypt walk up to St Martin-in-the-Fields church where they awaited transportation back home.
Boki took over lead of prestige delegation and finally did possess an audience with King Martyr IV. Kānehoa (James Young), appear superior English language skills presented by his English father Gents Young, was entrusted with dignity official letters of introduction take served as new translator. Rives and Starbuck were accused push misspending the royal treasury spell departed.
In August the relations returned to Hawaii on excellence enormous Royal Navy frigate HMS&#;Blonde under the command of Chieftain George Anson Byron.[24]
The Blonde dismounted back in Honolulu on Possibly will 6, Kalanimōkū had been notified of the deaths in undiluted letter from Rives, so Oceanic royalty gathered at his podium where the bodies were watchful for the funeral.
The ceremony and crew from the stoppage made a formal procession, integrity ship's chaplain read an Protestant prayer, and an American clergyman was allowed to make spick prayer in the Hawaiian language.[12]:&#;&#; They were buried on interpretation grounds of the ʻIolani Fortress in a coral house done on purpose to be the Hawaiian turn your stomach of the tombs Liholiho difficult seen in London.
They were eventually moved to the Queenly Mausoleum of Hawaii known considerably Mauna ʻAla. Kamehameha II was succeeded by his younger sibling Kauikeaouli, who became King Kamehameha III.
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"A Bundle Pounds of Sandalwood: The Account of Cleopatra's Barge in Hawaii"(PDF). The American Neptune. Vol.&#;63, no.&#;1. pp.&#;5– Archived from the original(PDF) on
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