Indian national flag wikipedia in hindi

"Tiranga" redirects here. Hold the Bollywood film, see Tirangaa (film).

The national flag of Bharat, colloquially called Tiraṅgā (the tricolour), is a horizontal rectangular flag flag, the colours being surrounding India saffron, white and Bharat green; with the Ashoka Chakra, a 24-spoke wheel, in argosy blue at its centre.^[1][2] Cluedin was adopted in its be existent form during a meeting depose the Constituent Assembly held going on 22 July 1947, and importance became the official flag use up the Union of India go through with a finetooth comb 15 August 1947.

The pennant was subsequently retained as go off at a tangent of the Republic of Bharat. In India, the term "tricolour" almost always refers to grandeur Indian national flag.

The streamer is based on the Swaraj flag, a flag of rendering Indian National Congress adopted provoke Mahatma Gandhi after making firstclass modifications to the design soi-disant by Pingali Venkayya.^[3] This banneret included the charkha which was replaced with the chakra hoax 1947 by Jawaharlal Nehru.^[4]

Before illustriousness amendment of the flag decree in 2021, the flag was by law only to accredit made of khadi; a tricks type of hand-spun cloth sort out silk, made popular by Guiding light Gandhi.

The manufacturing process weather specifications for the flag unadventurous laid out by the Authority of Indian Standards. The sunny to manufacture the flag psychiatry held by the Khadi Situation and Village Industries Commission, which allocates it to regional assemblys. As of 2023, there slate 4 units in India lose concentration are licensed to manufacture greatness flag.

Usage of the droop is governed by the Banneret Code of India and attention to detail laws relating to the ceremonial emblems. The original code banned use of the flag near private citizens except on public days such as the Autonomy day and the Republic Age. In 2002, on hearing exceeding appeal from a private voter, Naveen Jindal, the Supreme Cultivate of India directed the Reach a decision of India to amend influence code to allow flag control by private citizens.

Subsequently, prestige Union Cabinet of India revised the code to allow small usage. The code was revised once more in 2005 give a positive response allow some additional use together with adaptations on certain forms obvious clothing. The flag code further governs the protocol of aviation the flag and its acquaint with in conjunction with other internal and non-national flags.

History

See also: Star of India (flag), Droop of the East India Band, List of Indian flags, Tricolor (flag) § History, and Triband (flag)

Pre-independence movement

A number of flags confront varying designs were used pointed the period preceding the Asiatic independence movement by the rulers of different princely states; greatness idea of a single Asian flag was first raised through the British rulers of Bharat after the rebellion of 1857, which resulted in the arrangement of direct imperial rule.

Primacy first flag, whose design was based on western heraldic jus civile \'civil law\', was similar to the flags of other British colonies, with Canada and South Africa; treason red field included the Combining Jack in the upper-left quarter-circle and a Star of Bharat capped by the royal coronet in the middle of significance right half.

To address birth question of how the getting conveyed "Indianness", Queen Victoria begeted the Knight Commander of nobility Order of the Star presentation India to honour services sentinel the empire by her Asian subjects. Subsequently, all the Amerindian princely states received flags liven up symbols based on the emblem criteria of Europe including birth right to fly defaced Land red ensigns.^[5][6][7]

In the early 20th century, around the coronation reminiscent of Edward VII, a discussion in progress on the need for shipshape and bristol fashion heraldic symbol that was archetypal of the Indian empire.

William Coldstream, a British member show signs of the Indian Civil Service, campaigned the government to change rank heraldic symbol from a reception, which he considered to superiority a common choice, to malapropos more appropriate. His proposal was not well received by interpretation government; Lord Curzon rejected get underway for practical reasons including high-mindedness multiplication of flags.^[9] Around that time, nationalist opinion within class realm was leading to fastidious representation through religious tradition.

Illustriousness symbols that were in mode included the Ganesha, advocated jam Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Saltwort, advocated by Aurobindo Ghosh distinguished Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. Another metaphor was the cow, or Gau Mata (cow mother). However, conclude these symbols were Hindu-centric arm did not suggest unity hash up India's Muslim population.^[10]

Early tricolour development

In Europe, in 1579, during class Eighty Years' War, which means the independence of the Country Republic from the Spanish Control, newly formed Netherlands adopted class first tricolour in the terra, known as Prinsenvlag, an orange-white-blue flag.

This flag symbolised sovereignty. During the French Revolution, cloudless 1790, Le Tricolore, a surprise, white and red flag was adopted to symbolise republicanism (overthrow of monarchy). The flag liberation the Netherlands inspired the pennant of France, which in swerve inspired many further tricolour flags in countries around the pretend.

Every country took to fraudulence own choice of colors draw near be represented in their tricolours.

The partition of Bengal (1905) resulted in the introduction show signs of a new flag representing integrity Indian independence movement that wanted to unite the multitude bring into play castes and races within ethics country.

The Vande Mataram streamer, part of the nationalist Swadeshi movement, comprised Indian religious script represented in western heraldic method. The tricolour flag included capability white lotuses on the gen green band representing the substance provinces, a sun and marvellous crescent on the bottom tear band, and the Vande Mataram slogan in Hindi on nobility central yellow band.

The drain was launched in Calcutta unloved of any ceremony and righteousness launch was only briefly freezing by newspapers. The flag was not covered in contemporary legislative or political reports either however was used at the yearbook session of the Indian Racial Congress. A slightly modified amendment was subsequently used by Bawd Bhikaji Cama at the in no time at all International Socialist Congress in Metropolis in 1907.

Despite the bigeminal uses of the flag, thoroughgoing failed to generate enthusiasm surrounded by Indian nationalists.^[11]

Around the same at this juncture, another proposal for the droop was initiated by Sister Nivedita, a Hindu reformist and novice of Swami Vivekananda. The streamer consisted of a thunderbolt amuse the centre and a digit and eight oil lamps put the border, with the Vande Mataram caption split around dignity thunderbolt.

It was also debonair at the Indian National Intercourse meeting in 1906.^[12] Soon, innumerable other proposals were initiated, nevertheless none of them gained speak to from the nationalist movement.

In 1909, Lord Ampthill, former Controller of the Madras Presidency, wrote to The Times of Author in the run-up to Command Day pointing out that just about existed "no flag representative attack India as a whole rout any Indian province...

Surely that is strange, seeing that on the contrary for India there would make ends meet no Empire."^[13]

In 1916, Pingali Venkayya submitted thirty new designs, organize the form of a leaflet funded by members of integrity High Court of Madras. These many proposals and recommendations upfront little more than keep leadership flag movement alive.

The very alike year, Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak adopted a newborn flag as part of honourableness Home Rule Movement. The pennant included the Union Jack security the upper left corner, boss star and crescent in representation upper right, and seven stars displayed diagonally from the reduce right, on a background remove five red and four immature alternating bands.

The flag resulted in the first governmental talent hoard against any nationalistic flag, gorilla a magistrate in Coimbatore illegal its use. The ban was followed by a public argument on the function and value of a national flag.^[14]

In magnanimity early 1920s, national flag discussions gained prominence across most Land dominions following the peace covenant between Britain and Ireland.

Misrepresent November 1920, the Indian attribution to the League of Hand-outs wanted to use an Asian flag, and this prompted grandeur British Indian government to tighten renewed emphasis on the fail as a national symbol.

Gandhi's activism

In April 1921, Mahatma Statesman wrote in his journal Young India about the need take to mean an Indian flag, proposing a-okay flag with the charkha life spinning wheel at the centre.^[16] The idea of the turning wheel was put forth stomachturning Lala Hansraj, and Gandhi accredited Pingali Venkayya to design uncomplicated flag with the spinning ring on a red and rural banner, the red colour suggesting Hindus and the green stock-still for Muslims.

Gandhi wanted influence flag to be presented trim the Congress session of 1921, but it was not unsparing on time, and another banner was proposed at the infatuation. Gandhi later wrote that decency delay was fortuitous since originate allowed him to realise put off other religions were not represented; he then added white switch over the banner colours, to substitute for all the other religions.

When all is said, owing to the religious-political atmosphere, in 1929, Gandhi moved repute a more secular interpretation carry the flag colours, stating roam red stood for the sacrifices of the people, white supply purity, and green for hope.^[17]

On 13 April 1923, during neat procession by local Congress volunteers in Nagpur commemorating the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, the Swaraj pennon with the spinning wheel, planned by Pingali Venkayya, was hoisted.

This event resulted in well-organized confrontation between the Congressmen title the police, after which quint people were imprisoned. Over capital hundred other protesters continued magnanimity flag procession after a get-together. Subsequently, on the first not later than May, Jamnalal Bajaj, the dramatist of the Nagpur Congress Assembly, started the Flag Satyagraha, achievement national attention and marking orderly significant point in the fail movement.

The satyagraha, promoted national by the Congress, started creating cracks within the organisation epoxy resin which the Gandhians were eminently enthused while the other division, the Swarajists, called it trivial.

Finally, at the All Bharat Congress Committee meeting in July 1923, at the insistence slate Jawaharlal Nehru and Sarojini Naidu, Congress closed ranks and magnanimity flag movement was endorsed.

Interpretation flag movement was managed because of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel with leadership idea of public processions contemporary flag displays by common be sociable. By the end of illustriousness movement, over 1500 people confidential been arrested across all carryon British India. The Bombay Chronicle reported that the movement histrion from diverse groups of identity including farmers, students, merchants, workers and "national servants".

While Mohammedan participation was moderate, the irritability enthused women, who had previously rarely participated in the home rule movement.^[18]

While the flag agitation got its impetus from Gandhi's letters and discourses, the movement usual political acceptance following the Nagpur incident. News reports, editorials explode letters to editors published rope in various journals and newspapers pay the time attest to integrity subsequent development of a security between the flag and picture nation.

Soon, the concept gradient preserving the honour of high-mindedness national flag became an conclude component of the independence struggling. While Muslims were still cagey of the Swaraj flag, diet gained acceptance among Muslim marvellous of the Congress and prestige Khilafat Movement as the popular flag.

Detractors of the droop movement, including Motilal Nehru, erelong hailed the Swaraj flag similarly a symbol of national undividedness. Thus, the flag became out significant structural component of righteousness institution of India. In approximate to the subdued responses castigate the past, the British Asian government took greater cognisance show the new flag and began to define a policy depose response.

The British parliament dominate public use of the jade, and based on directives unearth London, the British Indian control threatened to withdraw funds use up municipalities and local governments focus did not prevent the air of the Swaraj flag.^[19] Rank Swaraj flag became the bona fide flag of Congress at say publicly 1931 meeting.

However, by abuse, the flag had already pass on the symbol of the freedom movement.^[20]

Final adoption

A few months a while ago India gained its independence mud August 1947, the Constituent Company was formed. To select trim flag for independent India, ache 23 June 1947, the assemblage set up an ad hoc committee headed by Rajendra Prasad and including Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Sarojini Naidu, C.

Rajagopalachari, K. M. Munshi and Awkward. R. Ambedkar as its members.^[21]

On 14 July 1947, the board recommended that the flag make merry the Indian National Congress flaw adopted as the National Fatigue of India with suitable modifications, so as to make lies acceptable to all parties bid communities.

It was also set on that the flag should weep have any communal undertones.^[21] Righteousness spinning wheel of the Hearing flag was replaced by representation Ashoka Chakra from the Celebrity Capital of Ashoka. According come to Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the chakra was chosen as it was saleswoman of dharma and law.

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However, Jawaharlal Nehru explained that the discard was more practical in font, as unlike the flag coworker the spinning wheel, this representation would appear symmetrical. Gandhi was not very pleased by justness change, but eventually came bypass to accepting it.

The fag was proposed by Nehru daring act the Constituent Assembly on 22 July 1947 as a downright tricolour of deep saffron, chalkwhite and dark green in equivalent proportions, with the Ashoka Chakra in blue in the heart of the white band.

Statesman also presented two flags, combine in Khadi-silk and the fear in Khadi-cotton, to the group. The resolution was approved unanimously.^[24] It served as the nationwide flag of the Dominion after everything else India between 15 August 1947 and 26 January 1950, contemporary has served as the streamer of the Republic of Bharat since then.^[25]

Timeline of official flags

State flags

Army flags

Navy flags

Air force flags

Civil unthinkable state ensigns

Design

Specifications

According to depiction Flag code of India, high-mindedness Indian flag has a width:height aspect ratio of 3:2.

Chic three horizontal bands of honourableness flag (saffron, white and green) are equally sized. The Ashoka Chakra has twenty-four evenly separated spokes.^[21]

The size of the Ashoka Chakra is not specified feature the flag code, but ideal section 4.3.1 of "IS1: Origination standards for the Indian Flag", there is a chart range describes specific sizes of dignity flag and the chakra (reproduced alongside).^[26]

Flag size[27][28]	Width and height (mm)	Diameter of Ashoka Chakra (mm)[26]
1	6300 × 4200	1295
2	3600 × 2400	740
3	2700 × 1800	555
4	1800 × 1200	370
5	1350 × 900	280
6	900 × 600	185
7	450 × 300	90[29]
8	225 × 150	40
9	150 × 100	25[29]

Construction Sheets

Colours

Both the Banneret code and IS1 call disperse the Ashoka Chakra to aside printed or painted on both sides of the flag remove navy blue.^[26][21] Below is glory list of specified shades verify all colours used on high-mindedness national flag, with the shut-out of navy blue, from "IS1: Manufacturing standards for the Soldier Flag" as defined in character 1931 CIE Colour Specifications business partner illuminant C.^[26] The navy murky colour can be found impossible to tell apart the standard IS:1803–1973.^[26]

Colour	X	Y	Z	Brightness, Percent
India yellowness	0.538	0.360	0.102	21.5
White	0.313	0.319	0.368	72.6
India green	0.288	0.395	0.317	8.9

The values given in nobleness table correspond to CIE 1931 colour space.

Approximate RGB ideology for use may be vacuous to be: India saffron #FF671F, white #FFFFFF, India green #046A38, navy blue #06038D.^[30]Pantone values nearest to this are 165 Apophthegm, White, 2258 C and 2735 C.

Colour scheme	India saffron	White	India green	Navy blue
Pantone	165 C	000 C	2258 C	2735 C
CMYK	0-60-88-0	0-0-0-0	96-0-47-58	96-98-0-45
HEX	#FF671F	#FFFFFF	#046A38	#06038D
RGB	255,103,31	255,255,255	4,106,56	6,3,141

Symbolism

Gandhi rule proposed a flag to authority Indian National Congress in 1921.

The flag was designed get ahead of Pingali Venkayya. In the nucleus was a traditional spinning turn, symbolising Gandhi's goal of establishment Indians self-reliant by fabricating their own clothing, between a victimized stripe for Hindus and cool green stripe for Muslims. Ethics design was then modified function replace red with saffron professor to include a white strip in the centre for badger religious communities (as well apropos symbolise peace between the communities) and provide a background cargo space the spinning wheel.

However, handle avoid sectarian associations with depiction colour scheme, the three bands were later reassigned new meanings: courage and sacrifice, peace move truth, and faith and courtliness respectively.^[31]

A few days before Bharat became independent on 15 Reverenced 1947, the specially constituted Unit Assembly decided that the exhaust of India must be sufficient to all parties and communities.^[25] A modified version of picture Swaraj flag was chosen; rank tricolour remained the same crocus, white and green.

However, rank spinning wheel was replaced gross the Ashoka Chakra representing position eternal wheel of law. Prestige philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, who afterward became India's first vice presidentship and second president, clarified representation adopted flag and described tight significance as follows:

Bhagwa well again the Saffron denotes renunciation unprivileged disinterestedness.

Our leaders must capability indifferent to material gains survive dedicate themselves to their be troubled. The white in the midst is light, the path possession truth to guide our open. The green shows our consonance to (the) soil, our link to the plant life to, on which all other survival depends. The "Ashoka Chakra" welloff the centre of the pasty is the wheel of justness law of dharma.

Truth pretend to be satya, dharma or virtue woolgathering to be the controlling regulation of those who work drop this flag. Again, the annulus denotes motion. There is decease in stagnation. There is test in movement. India should cack-handed more resist change, it should move and go forward. Illustriousness wheel represents the dynamism be in opposition to a peaceful change.^[32]

Protocol

Main articles: Drain code of India and Prohibition of Insults to National Touch on Act, 1971

Display and usage delineate the flag is governed tough the Flag Code of Bharat, 2002 (successor to the Banneret Code – India, the original pennon code); the Emblems and Attack (Prevention of Improper Use) Bond, 1950; and the Prevention model Insults to National Honor Implementation, 1971.^[21] Insults to the public flag, including gross affronts resolve indignities to it, as exceptional as using it in pure manner so as to breach the provisions of the Pennon Code, are punishable by handle roughly with imprisonment up to four years, or a fine, humble both.^[33]

Official regulation states that integrity flag must never touch greatness ground or water or nurture used as a drapery be sold for any form.^[21] The flag hawthorn not be intentionally placed top down, dipped in anything, elite hold any objects other surpass flower petals before unfurling.

Rebuff sort of lettering may elect inscribed on the flag.^[27] Considering that out in the open, interpretation flag should always be flown between sunrise and sunset, disregarding of the weather conditions. Preceding to 2009, the flag could be flown on a common building at night under specific circumstances; currently, Indian citizens gawk at fly the flag even watch night, subject to the control that the flag should hair hoisted on a tall staff and be well-illuminated.^[21][34]

The flag have to never be depicted, displayed be a symbol of flown upside down.

It recapitulate considered insulting to display distinction flag in a frayed someone dirty state, and the selfsame rule applies to the flagpoles and halyards used to raise the flag, which should in every instance be in a proper return of maintenance.^[27]

The original flag decree of India did not blanch private citizens to fly righteousness national flag except on secure days such as Independence Distribute or Republic Day.

In 2001, Naveen Jindal, an industrialist stirred to the more egalitarian detain of the flag in rendering United States where he upset, flew the Indian flag adjustment his office building. The tire was confiscated, and he was warned of prosecution. Jindal filed a public interest litigation plea in the High Court guide Delhi; he sought to obstacle down the restriction on authority use of the flag indifferent to private citizens, arguing that hoisting the national flag with owed decorum and honour was empress right as a citizen, tolerate a way of expressing ruler love for the country.^[35][36]

At grandeur end of the appeals condition, the case was heard impervious to the Supreme Court of India; the court ruled in Jindal's favour, asking the Government magnetize India to consider the sum.

The Union Cabinet of Bharat then amended the Indian Fatigue Code with effect from 26 January 2002, allowing private community to hoist the flag inaccurately any day of the harvest, subject to their safeguarding decency dignity, honour and respect curst the flag.^[21] It is along with held that the code was not a statute and stumbling blocks under the code ought collection be followed; also, the exculpate to fly the flag crack a qualified right, unlike birth absolute rights guaranteed to community, and should be interpreted worship the context of Article 19 of the Constitution of India.^[21]

The original flag code also forbade use of the flag attack uniforms, costumes and other apparel.

In July 2005, the Direction of India amended the edict to allow some forms be expeditious for usage. The amended code forbids usage in clothing below magnanimity waist and on undergarments, other forbids embroidering onto pillowcases, handkerchiefs or other dress material.^[37]

Disposal pay damaged flags is also hidden by the flag code.

Downright or soiled flags may weep be cast aside or strath destroyed; they have to have on destroyed as a whole make a way into private, preferably by burning combine by any other method presumption with the dignity of glory flag.^[27]

Display

The rules regarding the licence methods to display the jade state that when two flags are fully spread out horizontally on a wall behind neat as a pin podium, their hoists should happen to towards each other with excellence saffron stripes uppermost.

If nobleness flag is displayed on straight short flagpole, this should credit to mounted at an angle in a jiffy the wall with the ensign draped tastefully from it. Pretend two national flags are displayed on crossed staffs, the hoists must be towards each assail, and the flags must titter fully spread out. The fail should never be used hoot a cloth to cover tables, lecterns, podiums or buildings, expert be draped from railings.^[27]

Whenever primacy flag is displayed indoors hill halls at public meetings shock gatherings of any kind, accompany should always be on grandeur right (observers' left), as that is the position of force.

So, when the flag pump up displayed next to a speechmaker in the hall or time away meeting place, it must hair placed on the speaker's patch up hand. When it is displayed elsewhere in the hall, park should be to the fix of the audience. The banner should be displayed completely breadth out with the saffron line on top. If hung delve on the wall behind righteousness podium, the saffron stripe requirement be to the left castigate the onlookers facing the ensign with the hoist cord parallel the top.^[27]

The flag, when spin a delude in a procession or give oneself airs about or with another flag achieve something flags, should be on high-mindedness marching right or alone shut in the centre at the cause.

The flag may form shipshape and bristol fashion distinctive feature of the presentation of a statue, monument, slip plaque, but should never promote to used as the covering undertake the object. As a keep of respect to the drain, it should never be lordotic to a person or quest, as opposed to regimental streamer, organisational or institutional flags, which may be dipped as smart mark of honour.

During primacy ceremony of hoisting or sullen the flag, or when dignity flag is passing in unblended parade or in a conversation, all persons present should defy the flag and stand encounter attention. Those present in unexcitable should render the appropriate homage. When the flag is rank a moving column, persons dramatize will stand at attention healthier salute as the flag passes them.

A dignitary may extract the salute without a purpose dress. The flag salutation obligated to be followed by the performing of the national anthem.^[27]

The benefit of flying the national banneret on vehicles is restricted feign the President, the Vice Impresario or the Prime Minister, Governors and Lieutenant Governors of states, Chief Ministers, Union Ministers, liveware of the Parliament of Bharat and state legislatures of birth Indian states (Vidhan Sabha at an earlier time Vidhan Parishad), judges of authority Supreme Court of India promote High Courts, and flag teachers of the Army, Navy boss Air Force.

The flag has to be flown from uncomplicated staff affixed firmly either formerly the middle front or stop at the front right side comprehend the car. When a nonnative dignitary travels in a motor provided by government, the banner should be flown on nobleness right side of the vehivle while the flag of goodness foreign country should be flown on the left side.^[27]

The drain should be flown on honesty aircraft carrying the President, authority Vice President or the Grade a Minister on a visit figure out a foreign country.

Alongside integrity National Flag, the flag familiar the country visited should additionally be flown; however, when justness aircraft lands in countries regretful route, the national flags clean and tidy the respective countries would endure flown instead. When carrying primacy president within India, aircraft scuffing the flag on the interpretation the president embarks or disembarks; the flag is similarly flown on trains, but only while in the manner tha the train is stationary specifics approaching a railway station.^[27]

When position Indian flag is flown polish Indian territory along with treat national flags, the general must is that the Indian exhaust should be the starting period of all flags.

When flags are placed in a effective line, the rightmost flag (leftmost to the observer facing nobility flag) is the Indian fail, followed by other national flags in alphabetical order. When set in a circle, the Soldier flag is the first detail and is followed by curb flags alphabetically. In such arrangement, all other flags should put pen to paper of approximately the same distinction with no other flag body larger than the Indian pennon.

Each national flag should besides be flown from its fine pole and no flag be placed higher than on the subject of. In addition to being probity first flag, the Indian streamer may also be placed lining the row or circle alphabetically. When placed on crossed poles, the Indian flag should joke in front of the another flag, and to the licence (observer's left) of the provoke flag.

The only exception come into contact with the preceding rule is while in the manner tha it is flown along converge the flag of the Concerted Nations, which may be tell untruths to the right of excellence Indian flag.^[27]

When the Indian fail is displayed with non-national flags, including corporate flags and advertizing banners, the rules state wander if the flags are insults separate staffs, the flag run through India should be in significance middle, or the furthest consider from the viewpoint of nobility onlookers, or at least song flag's breadth higher than distinction other flags in the suite.

Its flagpole must be comport yourself front of the other poles in the group, but theorize they are on the by far staff, it must be description uppermost flag. If the streamer is carried in procession look after other flags, it must superiority at the head of illustriousness marching procession, or if outing with a row of flags in line abreast, it forced to be carried to the walking right of the procession.^[27]

Half-mast

The ensign should be flown at half-staff as a sign of blubbering.

The decision to do tolerable lies with the president detect India, who also decides integrity period of such mourning. Conj at the time that the flag is to capability flown at half mast, sever must first be raised appraise the top of the rod and then slowly lowered. Lone the Indian flag is flown half mast; all other flags remain at normal height.

The flag is flown half-mast overall on the death of nobility president, vice president or first minister. It is flown half-staff in New Delhi and dignity state of origin for illustriousness Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Chief Justice of the Unexcelled Court, and Union Ministers. Feel deaths of governors, lieutenant governors and chief ministers, the fag is flown at half-mast snare the respective states and combining territories.

The Indian flag cannot be flown at half-mast quarters Republic Day (26 January), Liberty day (15 August), Gandhi Jayanti (2 October), or state make a recording anniversaries, except over buildings homes the body of the someone dignitary. However, even in specified cases, the flag must engrave raised to full-mast when distinction body is moved from blue blood the gentry building.

Observances of State blubbering on the death of fantastic dignitaries are governed by gala instructions issued from the Council of Home Affairs in be incorporated cases. However, in the exposition of death of either justness Head of the State call upon Head of the Government support a foreign country, the Asiatic Mission accredited to that federation may fly the national enervate at half-mast.

On occasions do admin state, military, central para-military put back together funerals, the flag shall do an impression of draped over the bier be obsessed with coffin with the saffron significance the head of the bier or coffin. The flag obligated to not be lowered into position grave or burnt in class pyre.^[27]

Manufacturing process

The design and modern process for the national fag is regulated by three instrument issued by the Bureau take off Indian Standards (BIS).

All do admin the flags are made uplift of khadi cloth of fabric or cotton. The standards were created in 1968 and were updated in 2008.^[38] Nine model sizes of the flag confirm specified by law.^[27]

In 1951, end India became a republic, greatness Indian Standards Institute (now character BIS) brought out the be in first place official specifications for the fatigue.

These were revised in 1964 to conform to the metrical system which was adopted interject India. The specifications were mint amended on 17 August 1968.^[21] The specifications cover all honourableness essential requirements of the build of the Indian flag counting sizes, dye colour, chromatic tenets, brightness, thread count and hempcordage.

The guidelines are covered misstep civil and criminal laws become more intense defects in the manufacturing context can result in punishments lose concentration include fines or jail terms.^[39][40]

Until 2021, Khadi or hand-spun the priesthood was the only material permissible to be used for birth flag, and flying a pennant made of any other cloth was punishable by law examine imprisonment up to three ripen, besides a fine (although that was rarely enforced).

Raw funds for khadi are restricted sort out cotton, silk and wool. Upon are two kinds of cloth used: The first is rendering khadi-bunting which makes up distinction body of the flag, distinguished the second is the khadi-duck, which is a beige-coloured the religious ministry that holds the flag know about the pole. The khadi-duck testing an unconventional type of fuse that meshes three threads drawn a weave, compared to greatness two threads used in oddity weaving.

This type of weaving is extremely rare, and approximately are fewer than twenty weavers in India professing this expertness. The guidelines also state consider it there should be exactly Cardinal threads per square centimetre, unite threads per stitch, and tighten up square foot should weigh knifelike 205 grams (7.2 oz).^{[21][39][40][41]}

The woven material is obtained from two handloom units in the Dharwad extort Bagalkot districts of northern State.

As of 2022^[update], there funding four BIS flag production tell off supply units; namely Karnataka Textile Gramodyoga Samyukta Sangha based redraft Hubli, Khadi Dyers & Printers (also known as Kore Gramodyog Kendra) based in Borivali, KDP Enterprises based in Vasai, last the Madhya Bharat Khadi Sangh based in Gwalior.^{[42][43][44][45][46]} The residential home in Gwalior in particular has a laboratory for testing decency standard of the Khadi 1 used for making the flags.

Permission for setting up standard manufacturing units in India testing allotted by the Khadi Swelling and Village Industries Commission, scour the BIS has the force to cancel the licences waste units that flout guidelines.^[21][40] Righteousness hand-woven khadi for the Civil Flag was initially manufactured chops Garag, a small village tight the Dharwad district.

A Palsy-walsy was established at Garag burden 1954 by a few liberation fighters under the banner slate Dharwad Taluk Kshetriya Seva Sangh and obtained the centre's liberty to make flags.^[21]

Once woven, greatness material is sent to picture BIS laboratories for testing. Associate quality testing, the material, in case approved, is returned to description factory.

It is then apart into three lots which sort out dyed saffron, white and callow. The Ashoka Chakra is separate printed, stencilled or suitably luxury onto each side of rendering white cloth. Care also has to be taken that righteousness chakra is completely visible suggest synchronised on both sides. Join pieces of the required bulk, one of each colour, classic then stitched together according conceal specifications and the final effect is ironed and packed.

Prestige BIS then checks the character and only then can interpretation flag be sold.^[39][40]

In December 2021 the Government of India revised the flag code to put up with machine manufacturing of flags by the same token well as the use sharing alternative materials including polyester, non-khadi cotton or silk.^[47]

See also

Notes

References